New lease of life for endangered animals
A herd of roaming wild Asian elephants in Yunnan that made headlines earlier this year.[Photo/Xinhua]
Several rare wildlife species, whose populations have dwindled over the years, with some on the edge of extinction, have made a remarkable comeback across China.
There have been frequent newspaper reports of sightings of rare animals, including wild Asian elephants roaming around human settlements in the southwest; Siberian tigers in the northeast; Chinese mountain cats and crested ibis in the northwest; milu deer in the central regions and Bryde's whales off the coast of Shenzhen in the south.
However, the true scale of China's wildlife resurgence can be found in statistics presented in the country's first white paper on biodiversity conservation, which was released on Oct 8.
The population of giant pandas in the wild has grown from 1,114 to 1,864 over the past four decades, while the crested ibis population has increased from only seven to more than 5,000, according to the white paper. The Asian elephant population in the wild has grown from 180 in the 1980s to about 300 at present, and the wild population of Hainan gibbons has increased from no more than 10 in two groups 40 years ago to 35 in five groups.
In addition, the number of captive pandas has grown, and they have been downgraded from "endangered" to "vulnerable" on the list of species at risk of extinction.
A separate report from China's National Forestry and Grassland Administration shows that milu deer, once nowhere to be found in the wild, have grown to around 10,000 in number, living in three conservation bases in Beijing and the provinces of Jiangsu and Hubei. The population of snow leopards in Qinghai province has expanded to more than 1,800.
Milu deer at a nature reserve in Hubei province.[Photo/Xinhua]
"The expanding population of snow leopards (in Qinghai) provides compelling evidence of an improving ecological environment in the region," says Zhang Dehai, chief engineer of the management bureau of the Sanjiangyuan National Park.
Amid efforts to improve the habitats for wild animals and conserve the ecosystems, China has been piloting a national parks system and implementing its "red line "strategy for ecological conservation, an important institutional innovation in its land use planning and eco-environmental reform.
The red line strategy enables China "to build a resilient environment that is able to adapt to future impacts and shocks", says Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, executive secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Over the past decade, the area of new forests in China has exceeded 70 million hectares, ranking first in the world, according to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration.
During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-20), China saw the number of natural reserves increase by more than 700, and has restored 1,200 kilometers of its coastline and 23,000 hectares of seaside wetlands.
Through continuous efforts in fighting pollution, China has seen cleaner air and clearer waters.
An adult crested ibis feeds a chick in the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi province.[Photo/Xinhua]
"By improving the general environment, our water quality is getting better, and the coverage of forests is expanding. This provides wild animals with a favorable environment in which to live and reproduce," says Zhuo Weihua, former director of the department for wildlife and nature reserves, Henan provincial forestry administration.
Recognizing the fundamental role of good ecosystems in preserving biodiversity, China has made incredible efforts to improve biodiversity governance, including elevating biodiversity conservation to a national strategy, rolling out measures to improve the legal and policy frameworks, expanding oversight on law enforcement and encouraging public participation.
So far, China has made a positive contribution to the 2020 global biodiversity targets (the Aichi targets) and the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
It has overfulfilled three of the Aichi targets－establishing terrestrial nature reserves, restoring and ensuring important ecosystem services, and increasing ecosystem resilience and carbon storage－and made progress on 13 targets, including mainstreaming biodiversity, the sustainable management of agriculture, forestry and fishery, and sustainable production and consumption, says the white paper on biodiversity conservation.
The efforts that China has made in recent decades to protect and conserve biodiversity represent a good model for future work, which other countries can also emulate and learn from, says Mrema.